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How to Prepare for CSS in 1 Year

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Tsunami


Tsunami is a Japanese word means Harbor Waves, it was previously known as Tidal Waves. These tidal waves are caused due to extraterrestrial objects which is moon. So the Tsunami is not actually Tidal waves but is Harbor Waves rather. Now we can simply defined “a certain displacement of huge amount of water that would be known as Tsunamis”, and when it strikes the coast this cause a lot of destruction. It comes in form of series of waves which is known as Wave Train. When the waves strikes the coastal area the waves length increases and causes tremendous destruction, however the velocity of waves deceases.

Structure of Tsunami:
            The highest point a wave can reach is known as Wave Crest. The deepest point of the wave is known as Wave Trough. The difference between the crest and the trough of a wave is known as Height of Wave. Height is the major determining force of Tsunami. Half of the wave height is known as Amplitude. The difference between two consecutive crests or two consecutive troughs is known as Wave Length. Time taken by the wave to cover one wave length is known as Wave Period. The speed by which the wave moves on is known as Wave Velocity, it is another determining force of the Tsunami.

Causes of Tsunami:

(i) Earthquakes: 2011 Japan Fukushima, Security level 7 altered for Nuclear reactor.    
(ii) Volcanic Eruption:
(iii) Land Sliding: beneath the ocean. 1958 in Alaska.
(iv) Underwater Explosion: 1940-1950 in US for testing nuclear bombs
(v) Meteorite Impact:

Hazards of Tsunami:
Primary Hazards: these are the immediate hazards that cause most of the destruction. This affects the coastline and causes coastal area destruction.
Secondary Hazards: these can be in a form of debris flow, you could have huge number of erosion elements that happened, and finally from the gaseous eruption that occurred.
Tertiary Hazards: these are the hazards which can be visualized on the land e.g. loss of crops, loss of life, there could be famine, there could be floods, shortage of electricity and power cut offs.         

Prediction:
(i)                Pacific Warning System: example: it covers 26 countries, headquarter is in Honolulu and Hawaii.
(ii)             Regional Warning System:   
(iii)           Local Warning System:

Recommendations:
(i)                Go away from coastal area

(ii)             Try to reach at high altitude area. 

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