Plate Tectonics Theory

This theory was proposed by W. J. Morgan. This theory states that the Earth’s outer mechanical layer, the lithosphere, is divided into large and small sized plates that are constantly moving, and such plates are called Tectonic Plates. These massive lithosphere plates are all moving into different ways and how they interact with one another can have a huge impact on the earth, where these tectonic plates meet are called The Boundaries.

3 Types of Plate Tectonic Boundaries:

(i) Convergent Boundaries occur when two plates are moving towards one another.

When two plates collide couple of thing can happen, one of the plate will dive under the other plate. It usually the heavier and denser crest dives under the lighter crest. This creates what we call a Subduction Zone. The deeper the plate goes under the other the more pressure it creates. That pressure couples with the high heat causes the crest to melt, forming Magma. The magma then presses up to the surface and causes volcanic eruption. This happens when Continental Crest collides with Oceanic Crest. In case when Continental Crest collides with another Continental Crest the rock above the boundary will be lifted up and folded in form of mountains. However the case where the pressure and density of the crests colliding are somewhat equal, this would result in Earthquake. Convergent boundaries are the main type of boundaries that result in earthquakes.

(ii) Transform Boundaries occur when two plates are sliding pass one another, this creates obstruction and cracks/faults (fault-line) to crests. When they move they rub one another resulting in building the pressure. If the plate stuck for long period the pressure will continue to build at the fault-line until it eventually releases, resulting in an Earthquake.

(iii) Divergent Boundaries occur when two plates are moving away one another. If this happens on the Continent-Crest either the space between the two plates widen becomes large crack of rift which is called “Rift Valley”. Whereas, if the space is between two plates under the ocean where the crest is thinner, the magma comes up from the mantle of earth to fill the space. This is called Sea Floor Spreading.

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